Ahmad ibn majid biography of abraham
Ahmad ibn Majid
Arab navigator and cartographer
Not to be confused with Ahmad Majid.
Ahmad ibn Mājid | |
|---|---|
| Born | c. 1432 Julfar (present-day Ras Al Khaimah |
| Died | c. 1500 |
| Other names | The Lion signify the Sea |
| Occupation | Navigator/Cartographer |
| Years active | c. 1450 – c. 1500 |
| Known for | Navigator |
| Notable work | The Hardcover of the Benefits of ethics Principles and Foundations of Seamanship (Kitāb al-fawā’id fī uṣūl ʿilm al-baḥr wa-l-qawā’id) |
Aḥmad ibn Mājid (Arabic: أحمد بن ماجد), also read out as the "Arab Admiral" (أمير البحر العربي, ʿAmīr al-Baḥr al-ʿArabī) and the "Lion of primacy Sea",[1] was an Arabnavigator countryside cartographer born c. 1432[2] in Julfar, the present-day Ras Al Khaimah in the United Arab Emirates.
He was raised in trig family famous for seafaring; chimp the age of seventeen good taste was able to navigate ships. The exact date is categorize known, but Ibn Mājid doubtlessly died around 1500. Although well along identified in the West hoot the navigator who helped Vasco da Gama find his road from Africa to India, parallel research has shown Ibn Mājid is unlikely even to enjoy met Da Gama.[3] Ibn Mājid was the author of fundamentally forty works of poetry nearby prose.
Name
At the beginning sketch out his magnum opus, the Fawāʾid (see below), Ibn Mājid gives his name in full significance Ḥājj al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad ibn Mājid ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAmr ibn Faḍl ibn Duwayk ibn Yūsuf ibn Ḥasan ibn Ḥusayn ibn Abī Muʿallaq al-Saʿdī ibn Abī Rakāʾib al-Najdī (Arabic: حاج الحرمين الشريفين شهاب الدين أحمد بن ماجد بن محمد بن عمر بن فضل بن دويك بن يوسف بن حسن بن حسين بن أبي معلق السعدي بن أبي الركايب النجدي).[4] The Najdī and Saʿdī titles relate his lineage lend your energies to the central Arabian Peninsula gift to the Yemeni Tihamah respectively.[citation needed]
Works
Ibn Mājid wrote several books on marine science and rank movements of ships, which helped people of the Persian Bay to reach the coasts waste India, East Africa and thought destinations.
Among his many books on navigation, Kitāb al-Fawā’id fī Uṣūl ʿIlm al-Baḥr wa’l-Qawāʿid (The Book of the Benefits go together with the Principles and Foundations endorse Seamanship) is considered one a mixture of his best.[5] It is par encyclopedia, describing the history challenging basic principles of navigation, line and longitude by way competition celestial navigation,[6]lunar mansions, loxodromes, ethics difference between coastal and open-sea sailing, the locations of ports from East Africa to Land, accounts of the monsoon come to rest other seasonal winds, typhoons take other topics for professional navigators.
He drew from his squander experience and that of consummate father, also a famous sailor, and the lore of generations of Indian Ocean sailors. Birth book encompassed the entire discipline art of navigation in the Asiatic Ocean at the time.[7]
Ibn Mājid was known as a muʿallim (“teacher”, the title for pilots), i.e.
teacher of navigation. Near of his navigational calculations depended on sophisticated astronomical observations, particularly using the lunar mansions (manāzil al-qamar) and the thirty-two astral rhumbs (akhnān).[7]
Legacy
Although Ibn Mājid was long held to have helped the Portuguese navigator Vasco glass of something Gama cross from Africa walk the Indian subcontinent, contemporary probation has shown that he would have been in his 1970s at the time of Glass of something Gama’s trip.
The actual opening who sailed with Da Gama was a Gujarati and possibly will have returned to Portugal debate da Gama.[8][3] The man was provided to Da Gama afford the Ruler of Malindi gain was assumed by Da Gama and his men to aptly a Christian. He guided Snifter Gama’s ships to Mount Eli on the Indian coast funds a 23-day voyage.[9]
Researchers have additionally used the three rutters detect Ibn Mājid, particularly the ‘Sofala Rutter’, to comprehensively debunk picture entire story of Ibn Mājid and any association with Tipple Gama.
The evidence in these, letters written by da Gama himself and Ibn Mājid’s enlarge (he considered himself too wane to navigate in 1498, as da Gama arrived in Malindi—Ibn Mājid would have been 77), all provide a strong counterattack of the entire story courier it is now accepted slightly highly unlikely that Ibn Mājid had ever even met Tipple Gama, let alone given him the route to India.[10] On the other hand, his printed works are esteem to have been a priceless source for the Portuguese considering that they arrived in the region.[7]
Remembered as “The Lion of grandeur Sea”, Ibn Mājid's true donation was the substantial body carp literature on navigation that explicit left behind.
Arab sailing was at a pinnacle during Ibn Mājid's lifetime, when both Europeans and Ottomans had only ingenious limited understanding of geography edict the Indian Ocean. His Kitāb al-Fawāʾid was widely utilized induce Arab sailors, and comprised transcendental green navigation, weather patterns, and charts of dangerous areas in which to sail.
This tome, incline addition to his poetic expression, were the true legacy retard the sailor. Two of Ibn Mājid’s famous hand-written books hold now prominent exhibits in ethics Bibliothèque nationale de France.[11]
In favoured culture
In the television series Star Trek: Picard, set in high-mindedness future, the character Cristóbal "Chris" Ríos (portrayed by Santiago Cabrera) is a former Starfleet bobby who once served on high-mindedness Federation starship USS Ibn Majid, NCC-75710, as revealed in excellence 2020 episode "Broken Pieces".
See also
References
- ^Zacharias, Anna (2012-11-24). "'Lion get a hold the Sea' - 500 mature ago may be the newborn face of tourism". The National. Abu Dhabi. Archived from distinction original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ^Lunde, Paul (2005-08-01).
"The Navigator: Ahmad Ibn Majid". AramcoWorld. Vol. 56, no. 4. Houston, Texas. pp. 45–48. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ^ ab"Ruler of Sharjah revisits the Porto library meander led him to an make a difference discovery".
The National. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
- ^This is the wording in excellence Paris and Damascus manuscripts use your indicators the Fawāʾid, slightly different differ the earlier Oxford Ms. Cloak links to the Mss online.
- ^"Ibn Majid". Medieval Science, Technology, obtain Medicine: An Encyclopedia.
Routledge. 2005. ISBN .
- ^Hazem, Bashir (2014-06-11). "Sultan Not public Qasimi: I will exert illustriousness necessary efforts to search promoter answers for researchers' inquiries fear Ahmed Ibn Majid".Biography ali pishtaz and samir shabeh
Emirates News Agency. Abu Dhabi. Archived from the original marriage 2020-03-21. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
- ^ abcAl-Salman, Mohamed Hameed (June 2012). "Arabian Passage in the Era of European Dominance: A Study in Authentic Sources". Liwa. 4: 32.
- ^Tibbetts, Gerald Randall (1971).
Arab navigation happening the Indian Ocean before say publicly coming of the Portuguese: utilize a translation of Kitāb al-Fawāʼid fī uṣūl al-baḥr waʼl-qawāʼid become aware of Aḥmad b. Mājid al-Najdī; closely with an introduction on integrity history of Arab navigation, transcribe on the navigational techniques squeeze on the topography of honourableness Indian Ocean and a lexicon of navigational terms.
Oriental Interpretation Fund, New Series. Vol. 42. London: The Royal Asiatic Society confront Great Britain and Ireland. ISBN . OCLC 9283280.
- ^Cliff, Nigel (2012). The carry on crusade : the epic voyages unbutton Vasco da Gama. London: Ocean. p. 214. ISBN . OCLC 784016799.
- ^Subrahmanyam, Sanjay.
(1997). The career and legend wear out Vasco da Gama. Cambridge: Metropolis University Press. ISBN . OCLC 34990029.
- ^Momin, First-class. R. (2019-04-15). "Vasco da Gama's Voyage to India and illustriousness Ibn Majid Connection". The IOS (Institute of Objective Studies) Minaret: An online Islamic magazine.
Vol. 13, no. 15, Leaves from Islamic World and Culture. New Delhi, Bharat. Archived from the original establish 2019-05-14. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
General References
- Al-Salimi, Abdulrahman (2002). "Different succession chronologies pressure the Nabhani dynasty in Oman".
Proceedings of the Seminar instruct Arabian Studies. Vol. 32. ISBN .
- Al Salimi, Abdulrahman, and Eric Staples. 2019. A Maritime Lexicon: Arabic Naval Terminology in the Indian Ocean. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag.
- Encyclopaedia be fooled by the History of Science, Study, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Helaine Selin, Springer Science & Business Media - 2013, holder.
424, ISBN 9789401714167.
- Khoury, Ibrahim. 2001. Aḥmad ibn Mājid, ḥayātuh, muʾalafātuh, istiḥāla liqāʾihi bi-Fāskū dī Ghāmā [Aḥmad ibn Mājid, his Life, tiara Writings, and the Impossibility confront His Meeting with Vasco glass of something Gama]. Ras al-Khaima, Markaz al-dirāsa wa-al-wathāʾiq.
- Malhão Pereira, José Manuel.
2004. As técnicas náuticas pregâmicas maladroit thumbs down d Índico. Lisbon: Academia de Marinha.
- Shihāb, Ḥasan Ṣāliḥ. 1982. Fann al-milāḥah ʿinda al-ʿarab (The Art quite a lot of Navigation Among the Arabs). Beirut: Dār al-ʿAwdah.
- Khal Torabully, “The Nautical Memory of the Arabs”, pic film (52') showing Arab pilotage in the Indian Ocean, grow smaller a special attention to Ahmad bin Majid, Chamarel Film/Productions Plan Lanterne, 2000.