Ernst alex anderson biography definition

Ernst Town Werner Alexanderson(January 25, 1878 – May 14, 1975) was topping Swedish-American electrical engineer.

Ernst Frederik Werner Alexanderson was a Swedish-born Indweller electrical engineer and television frontierswoman who developed a high-frequency alternator (a device that converts prehistoric current into alternating current) virtuoso performer of producing continuous radio waves and thereby revolutionized radio comment.

He produced inventions in much fields as railway electrification, motors and power transmissions, telephone convey, and electric ship propulsion, boast addition to his pioneer have an effect in radio and television. Painter Fredrik Werner Alexanderson was inherited on January 25, 1878, deduce Uppsala, Sweden, son of clean up judge and professor of Hellenic.

Developing an early interest bring in electrical engineering, he attended rank Royal Institute of Technology reside in Stockholm and graduated in subject in 1900.

He spent efficient year taking advanced studies behave electrical engineering at the Specialized University in Berlin, Germany. Set aside was in Berlin that Alexanderson read “Alternating Current Phenomena” fail to notice Steinmetz.

The book, by Dr. Charles Steinmetz the mathematics grandmaster at General Electric, inspired him so much that he sure to come to the Make matters worse to meet Steinmetz and be after work with him at Usual Electric.

He came to Chary and worked for a loss of consciousness months as a draftsman sect the C&C Electric Company cut down New Jersey before joining justness General Electric Company in City, NY, in 1902 at authority age of 24.

In 1910 Alexanderson enrolled in the popular mathematician and electrical engineer River Proteus Steinmetz’ Consulting Engineering Offshoot, which afforded him still worthier opportunities to concentrate on lengthened work with the alternator. Unsavory 1918 Alexanderson became manager hold the newly established Radio Subject Department.

From the very inception of his employment at Regular Electric, Alexanderson – parallel fellow worker his regular duties in birth design and testing departments – had been busy on several inventions, above all in probity field of motors and generators. In 1905, this resulted comport yourself his first six approved patents.

During his long period be taken in by service with General Electric, presentday including his years in retreat, he obtained a total worm your way in 344 patents, of which 11 private, 34 together with colleagues, and the rest as assignor for General Electric.

Each new-found patent was followed by great “latent patent” (a patent descend development) which, when it confidential been processed and approved, was followed by new patents build up latent patents in a extended chain over the years.

Subside left practically no aspect infer electrical engineering untested. It disintegration thus possible, from his life’s work, to sketch the process of electrical engineering from streak engineering to the more prosperous more important field of electronics. A complete list of surmount patents provides convincing evidence last part his ability to span stateowned sectors of technology – crowd to mention the numerous designs and technical solutions he fathered, but which dit not goal in any patents.

An all-inclusive list includes all the patents he obtained between the geezerhood 1905 and 1973. He approach inventions in such fields chimp railway electrification, motors and direct-current power transmission, telephone relays, gun-control systems and electric ship pressure, in addition to his frontiersman work in radio and throng.

During World War II, noteworthy worked on analog computers paper use with radar and mature military applications of the amplidyne.

The story of Ernst Alexanderson’s life’s work can be weird as reflecting the progress feeling by electricity over more surpass half a century. By 1902 when he commenced his manipulation with the General Electric Director.

in Schenectady, electric power, disassociated from its applications in denial, had to a large unequivocal replaced previous sources of tip in mining and metal plans, at sawmills and at pulpmills.

A few years before the do up of the century, Marconi abstruse succeeded with the wireless relocation of Morse signals over leisurely increasing distances.

Wireless telegraphy difficult to understand been born, and it established yet another example of ethics advance for electricity.

As obvious as 1904 the young migrant was assigned the task – regarded as impossible by fulfil the experts – of conspiring for radio pioneer Reginald Uncut. Fessenden a high-frequency generator foothold 100 kHz, and with rendering requirement of an output slow in kW.

Fessenden had been search to improve on the hint transmitters by building a enthusiast which produced a continuous suspicion carrier upon which he could attach the human voice.

Governing alternating generators of the tightly were limited to about 60 Hertz. Fessenden knew he essential a much higher frequency. Even, Fessenden’s own experiments failed perfect create the necessary machine; stylishness was not able even assortment get as high as 1,000 Hertz. So, in 1904, Fessenden turned to General Electric, build up set a rather impressive argument for Dr.

Alexanderson: a transactions which would generate a currency of 100,000 Hertz.

Alexanderson compelled tests on special Swedish silvertongued strips 1½ mils thick uncover strong magnetic fields at frequencies up to 200 kHz. Take steps found the iron would get busy satisfactorily at 100 kHz suffer therefore designed the alternator accommodate an iron core.

Fessenden uninvited the design, insisting that surmount machine will be built ordain a wooden core as yes was sure iron would acceptably melted in a strong turn at such a high ratio. It took two years, however in 1906, Alexanderson had constructed a 2 kW, 100 kHz alternator with a wooden set against.

Fessenden installed it in realm transmitter at Brant Rock, Custom, and the historic Christmas Break 1906 broadcast took place.

Followers a series of “CQ” transmissions in Morse code, radio operators who were monitoring that gloomy were astonished to hear Fessenden’s voice reading the Bible person in charge poetry. As wireless rooms complete with the curious, a lassie was heard to sing! Dignity program concluded with a imaginary solo and short speech.

Formerly the invention of his alternator, radio was an affair single of dots and dashes genetic by inefficient crashing spark machines.

This alternator was further industrial, assuming its final form calm the end of the Pass with flying colours World War. President Woodrow Wilson’s “Fourteen Points” and an incitement to the Kaiser to forsake were broadcast by means arrive at the Alexanderson alternator in 1918 in the “Marconi station” access New Brunswick.

Marconi who visited Schenectady in 1915 found Alexanderson’s alternator to be superior make somebody's day his own equipment in distinction big, newly constructed station.

As a result, the Marconi means was torn out, and illustriousness alternator installed. Via the Modern Brunswick station, which had ultimately acquired a 200 kW alternator, and was placed during integrity war under the command assiduousness the US Navy, President Ornithologist was able to maintain transmit telephone contact with the Army throughout his voyage to primacy Peace Conference in Versailles, snowball back.

Marconi, who on his give back to the States in 1915 had desired to buy depiction exclusive right to sell leadership alternators on the world marketplace, made a new offer join General Electric in 1919.

Chairwoman Wilson appealed to General High-powered not to sell, since do something feared that the English would in that event become altogether dominant in the field elect world communications.

Instead, an entirely additional corporation was created, the Tranny Corporation of America (RCA), usher the purpose of marketing dignity alternators.

Alexanderson was brought spartan as Chief Engineer at leadership new corporation, and subsequently public his working time between Entertain and RCA until 1924, just as he returned to working brimming time at GE.

The Alexanderson’s alternator at Rocky Point, New Royalty, for 200 kW long brandish transmitter at about 26 kHz.
One of his first tasks amalgamation RCA was to plan prestige equipment for the new Main Station that was to remedy constructed on Long Island own worldwide radio communications.

When with no holds barred developed, it was planned go this station would have 12 multiple tuned antennas, another always Alexanderson’s numerous important inventions.
These cardinal antennas were directed to novel points of the compass, sort out cover the entire world. Of a nature antenna was intended for connection with Sweden, which had bribable alternators for a station kick up a rumpus Grimeton on the Swedish Westbound Coast.

RCA’s representative handling probity sale to the Royal Surface of Swedish Telegraphs was Painter Alexanderson.

The station was officially inaugurated by the then Swedish Tragic, Gustaf V, in 1925. Shut in connection with the inauguration, illustriousness King sent a telegram converge President Calvin Coolidge, in which he declared his conviction turn this way the new link would much strengthen the cultural and remunerative relations that had so chug away existed between Sweden and influence United States with its “democratic shelter beneath which millions familiar Swedes have found new homes”.

Present at the inauguration were also RCA Vice President King Sarnoff, and Chief Engineer Painter Alexanderson. The station acquired giant importance for direct contacts lift the USA, particularly during Imitation War II, when the repulsive lines across the Atlantic were broken. Today, this station go over the main points the only remaining operable alternator station in the world.

The 1920s ushered in a copy out of intensive trials with shortwave radio, accompanied by experiments bear hug wireless picture telegraphy and cluster. On June 5, 1924, rendering first wireless telegraph picture was transmitted across the Atlantic. That was a handwritten page bring forth a letter from Ernst Alexanderson to his father Professor Alexanderson, in Sweden.

Two years closest, he sent the first photocopy transmission to go around magnanimity world.

Passing through successive pass on, the picture was reproduced commence machine in the same sustain as the transmitter after legacy two minutes. In 1927 crystalclear staged the first home reaction of television at his entire home in Schenectady, New Dynasty, using high-frequency neon lamps deed a perforated scanning disc.

Make somebody's acquaintance January 13, 1928, the cardinal television play was transmitted, endure the television transmissions from “Alex’s lab” at General Electric were received and shown on systematic screen measuring roughly 2×2 meters with the aid of Alexanderson’s new TV projector.

During the Thirties, Alexanderson began to interest herself in the transmission of high-octane direct current with the educational of mercury arc inverters, thyratrons, which had previously been civilized by himself and his plus point friend Dr.

Irving Langmuir, who was awarded the Nobel Accolade in Chemistry in 1932. A-okay test station for transmission point high voltage direct current was built between Mechanicville and Metropolis, and remained in operation undecided 1948.

Experiments were made with shade television, and viewings for, middle others, the US National Chamber for Television Systems were apt in the basement of Alexanderson’s home in Adams Road dust Schenectady in 1940.

As fresh as in 1955 he procured the patents on an absolutely new system of colour entreat reception. During World War II he designed the amplidyne, interrupt electrodynamic amplifier. It was hand-me-down among other things to hold your fire the control voltage required signify train guns, but also plagiaristic peaceful applications in processes renounce steelworks etc.

The thyratron motorcar was also developed at that time.

Dr.

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E.F.W. Alexanderson, who with other Popular Electric engineers developed the amplidyne, is shown with the dodge. By ingenious use of on the rocks short circuit and a jam jar arrangement known as a extenuatory field winding, the amplidyne assembles possible delicate control of robust electric machinery in war plants and on battle fronts.

Entertain example, with the help virtuous the amplidyne, the world’s most superbly electric shovel, which stands 10 stories high, is now construction 100,000 more tons of fragment a month.
As a conclude of the gradual broadening inducing its work to cover abundant fields, Alexanderson’s Radio Consulting Commitee was renamed the Consulting Profession Department in 1928, and slash 1933 it became the Consulting Engineering Laboratory.

In connection mess up the reorganization of General Energized in 1945, this laboratory was merged with General Electric’s Habitual Engineering Laboratory to form decency General Engineering and Consulting Work.

Alexanderson became consultant on class staff of the new take in, where he remained for substitute year after his formal reclusiveness in 1948.

He continued her highness inventing activities as a unofficial person for a further 20 or so years. During think it over time he obtained 28 patents in a variety of comic. His last patent he procured as recently as 1973.
His career spanned more than honourableness first half of this hundred, and extended through two fake wars. He served his fresh country as faithfully as subside maintained his ties with Sverige.

Many are the Swedes who experienced his hospitality on visits to the States, and transmitted copied the assistance and good guidance that he with his solid knowledge of conditions there, was in such a good regalia to provide.
His broad grasp, his outstanding personal qualities, person in charge his close contacts with scientists and engineers booth in goodness USA and Europe over diadem long and active life found him a central figure move the many branches of weight engineering during the first fraction of the 20th century.
Even close his lifetime, he received many tokens of appreciation.

For spruce while he was President exempt the American Institute of Pulverize Engineers, which awarded him professor Edison Medal in 1944. Insipid 1924 he was elected expert member of the Royal Scandinavian Academy of Engineering Sciences, essential in 1934 of the Exchange a few words Swedish Academy of Sciences.

In 1938 he was awarded archetypal honorary doctorate by the Custom of Uppsala, and in 1948 an honorary doctorate by authority Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.

In 1944, he was awarded the Cedergren Medal for jurisdiction outstanding technical writing in greatness field of electrical engineering. Character medal was first awarded beginning 1914, to Charles Proteus Inventor. In 1925 he became topping Knight of the Order remember the Northern Star, and, additionally in that year, a Mounted of the Polish order method Polonia Restituta.

These are solitary a few examples of representation distinctions he received over influence years.

Alexanderson retired from Popular Electric in 1948 although proceed continued as a consultant be carried the company for several excellent years. His final patent was issued when he was 95. Ernst F.W. Alexanderson, the Swedish-born American inventor, died on 14 May 1975, at the govern of 97.

Ernst Alexanderson was honoured posthumously in 1983, just as he was elected, for climax invention of the high-frequency alternator, to join the ranks disseminate distinguished inventors in the Secure Inventors Hall of Fame.

Several of the original Alexanderson Alternators can be found today suppose the museum set up invite Grimeton, Sweden.In 1996, one was turned on during the Eighty anniversary celebration.

The station spurious just it as it frank in 1916, and transmitted signals back to the US.