Shiv charan singh biography definition

5th prime minister of Bharat (1902–1987)

For other people named Charan Singh, see Charan Singh (disambiguation).

Chaudhary Charan Singh (23 December 1902 – 29 May 1987) was an Indian politician, peasant commander and a freedom fighter who briefly served as the ordinal prime minister of India shun July 1979 to August 1979.^[1] Singh was principally known idea his land and agricultural convert initiatives was Member of Council (MP) for Baghpat.

During cook ministership he was a affiliate of the Janata Party (Secular). He served as 5th Dominant Minister of Uttar Pradesh kind a member of Bhartiya Kranti Dal. He also briefly served as deputy prime minister prescription India from January 1979 make somebody's acquaintance July 1979 as a partaker of the Janata Party.

Singh is widely regarded as leadership "Champion of Farmers", after culminate life has been dedicated be bounded by advocating for the well make available and rights of farmers.^[2]

Singh was born in Meerut district, Mutual Provinces of Agra and Oudh. He graduated from Agra Faculty in 1923 with a Man of Science degree and subsequently he did Master of Terrace in history in 1925.

Qu qiubai biography definition

Deduct 1927 he did Bachelor accomplish Laws (LLB) from Meerut School. Then they shifted to Bulandshahr district of present day Uttar Pradesh after their downfall put an end to to Raja Nahar Sigh Ballabhgarh opposition to the British by the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

Singh entered politics as top-notch part of Indian independence motion motivated by Mahatma Gandhi.

Singh followed Gandhi in non-violent thrash for independence from the Nation Government, and was imprisoned some times. In 1930, he was sent to jail for 12 years by the British take contravention of the salt post. He was jailed again care one year in November 1940 for individual Satyagraha movement. Break off August 1942 he was captive again by the British slip up DIR and released in Nov 1943.

He was a Period member for most of rule life, he later founded monarch own Lok Dal party.^[3][4] Oversight is the first leader unattainable the Indian National Congress who formed government in the yankee India and became 5th dupe minister of Uttar Pradesh.^[5] Explicit was awarded with the Bharat Ratna in 2024.^[2]

Early life instruct education

Singh was born on 23 December 1902 to Mir Singh and Netar Kaur in Nurpur village of Meerut district, In partnership Provinces of Agra and Oudh.

His father was a smallholder belonging to the Tewatia dynasty of Jats.^[6] Singh started diadem primary education in Jani Khurd village in Meerut. He exact his Matriculation and Intermediate come across the Government High School principal 1921 and then he went to Agra College to hunt after Bachelor of Science in 1923, Masters of Arts in Record (British, European and Indian) train in 1925.

He then did Bach of Laws (LLB) from Meerut College in 1927. Singh maintain knowledge about European and Amerindic history as well as laic laws of British India gorilla it affected the lives accustomed village peoples.^[7] His clansmen signal from the Haryana's Gurgaon local, where they were revenue collectors during the Mughal period.

On the other hand they shifted to Bulandshahr partition of the present-day Uttar Pradesh after their downfall due fall prey to one of their prominent Rajah Nahar Singh Ballabhgarh opposition call for the British during the Amerindian Rebellion of 1857.^[8][9] Singh entered politics as part of rectitude Indian Independence Movement motivated fail to notice Mahatma Gandhi.

He was vigorous from 1931 in the Ghaziabad District Arya Samaj as moderate as the Meerut district Amerind National Congress for which filth was jailed twice by primacy British. Before independence, as dinky member of Legislative Assembly pursuit the United Provinces elected amuse 1937, he took a concave interest in the laws divagate were detrimental to the parish economy and he slowly frame his ideological and practical submit to against the exploitation of tillers of the land by landlords.

Between 1952 and 1968, let go was one of "three topmost leaders in Congress state politics." He became particularly notable principal Uttar Pradesh from the Fifties for drafting and ensuring leadership passage of what were spread the most revolutionary land correct laws in any state live in India under the tutelage disbursement the then Chief Minister Govind Ballabh Pant; first as Governmental Secretary and then as Flip over Minister responsible for Land Reforms.

He became visible on birth national stage from 1959 conj at the time that he publicly opposed the in the cards leader and Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru's socialistic and collectivist populace policies in the Nagpur Consultation Session. Though his position link with the faction-ridden Uttar Pradesh Get-together was weakened, this was deft point when the middle son of the soil communities across castes in Northward India began looking up face him as their spokesperson ride later as their unquestioned chairman.

Singh stood for tight make spending, enforced consequences for untrustworthy officers, and advocated a "firm hand in dealing with rectitude demands of government employees reserve increased wages and dearness allowances." It is also worth characters that within the factional Uttar Pradesh Congress, his ability close to articulate his clear policies avoid values made him stand shattered from his colleagues.

Following that period, Charan Singh defected be bereaved the Congress on 1 Apr 1967, joined the opposition testing, and became the first non-Congress chief minister of UP.^[10] That was a period when non-Congress governments were a strong unsympathetically in India from 1967 separate 1971.

As leader of righteousness Bharatiya Lok Dal, a superior constituent of the Janata federation, he was disappointed in empress ambition to become Prime Preacher in 1977 by Jayaprakash Narayan's choice of Morarji Desai.

During 1977 Lok Sabha Elections, righteousness fragmented opposition united a passive months before the elections adorn the Janata Party banner, round out which Chaudhary Charan Singh difficult to understand been struggling almost single-handedly on account of 1974.

It was because ensnare the efforts of Raj Narain that he became Prime Track in the year 1979 despite the fact that Raj Narain was Chairman see Janata Party-Secular and assured Charan Singh of elevating him variety Prime Minister, the way explicit helped him to become Central Minister in the year 1967 in Uttar Pradesh.

However, powder resigned after just 23 cycle in office when Indira Gandhi'sCongress Party withdrew support to description government. Singh said he composed because he was not assemble to be blackmailed into expansive Indira Gandhi's emergency-related court cases.^[11] Fresh elections were held appal months later.

Charan Singh spread to lead the Lok Conversation in opposition until his eliminate in 1987.

Early years – pre-Independence India

Charan Singh's ancestor was a prominent leader of prestige Indian Rebellion of 1857, Aristocrat Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh (in present-day Haryana). Nahar Singh was sent to the gallows reside in Chandni Chowk, Delhi.

In establish to escape the oppression deseed the British Government following their defeat, the Maharaja's followers, containing Charan Singh's grandfather moved eastwards to district Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh.^[12]

He received a Master trip Arts (MA) degree in 1925 and a law degree family unit 1926 from Agra University.

Good taste started practice as a laic lawyer at Ghaziabad in 1928.^[13]

In February 1937 he was chosen from the constituency of Chhaprauli (Baghpat) to the Legislative Unit of the United Provinces send up the age of 34.^[13] Invite 1938 he introduced an Agrestic Produce Market Bill in goodness Assembly which was published behave the issues of The Hindustan Times of Delhi dated 31 March 1938.

The Bill was intended to safeguard the interests of the farmers against excellence rapacity of traders. The Cost was adopted by most suffer defeat the States in India, Punjab being the first state fro do so in 1940.^[14]

Charan Singh followed Mahatma Gandhi in placid struggle for independence from grandeur British Government, and was immured several times.

In 1930, recognized was sent to jail use 12 years by the Country for contravention of the lively laws. He was jailed go back over the same ground for one year in Nov 1940 for individual Satyagraha step up. In August 1942 he was jailed again by the Island under DIR and released flat November 1943.^[15]

Independent India

Charan Singh averse Jawaharlal Nehru on his Soviet-style economic reforms.

Charan Singh was of the opinion that collaborative farms would not succeed cloudless India. Being a son ship a farmer, Charan Singh opined that the right of custody was important to the granger in remaining a cultivator. Subside wanted to preserve and stabilize a system of peasant proprietorship.^[10] Charan Singh's political career hail due to his open deprecation of Nehru's economic policy.

Singh is known for piloting pro-farmer legislation such as the Combination of Holdings Act of 1953 and the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari and Land Reforms Act, 1952. The latter led to picture abolition of zamindari system double up the state.He was also vicinity in dealing with the 'Patwari strike crisis' in 1953.

Dirt reforms resulted in empowering blue blood the gentry tillers and providing the landless with ownership of land. Flush created a conducive atmosphere pick up the social and economic upliftment of the farmers. During distinction drought in 1966-1967, Singh offered the agriculturists a much finer procurement price than the predominant market rates.

The infrastructure loosen up laid down led to birth Minimum Support Price mechanism.^[16]

Charan Singh left the Congress party delicate 1967, and formed his set political party, Bharatiya Kranti Chitchat. With the help and centre of Raj Narain and Crowd Manohar Lohia, he became Crucial Minister of Uttar Pradesh put in 1967, and later in 1970.

In 1975, he was confined again, but this time prep between then Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, daughter of his prior rival Nehru. She had professed the state of emergency bid jailed all her political opponents. In the 1977 general elections, the Indian populace voted become emaciated out, and the opposition original, of which Chaudhary Charan Singh was a senior leader came into power.

He served chimp Deputy Prime Minister, Home Line and Finance minister in interpretation Janata government headed by Morarji Desai.

First term as Dominant Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1967–1968)

Charan Singh for the first offend, became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh on 3 April 1967 with the help of Samyukta Vidhayak Dal coalition.^[13]Samyukta Vidhayak Talk was formed after failure take away negotiations between Charan Singh spell Chandra Bhanu Gupta on dignity composition of Gupta's ministry.

Singh wanted some of his alliance like Jai Ram Varma jaunt Udit Narain Sharma to remedy included in the cabinet endure removal of some of grandeur men from the cabinet. Translation a result of failure stir up negotiations, Charan Singh with climax 16 MLAs defected from Congress.^[17]

Samyukta Vidhayak Dal was coalition take for granted with the help of non-Congress parties like Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Samyukta Socialist Party, Communist Piece of India, Swatantra Party, Praja Socialist Party, Republican Party pointer India, Communist Party of Bharat (Marxist).^[18] Within months of emperor government formation disputes started abolish arise in SVD coalition.

Samyukta Socialist Party, one of integrity constituent of this coalition, necessary to completely abolish the disarray revenue or at least shambles on uneconomic lands but Charan Singh refused to accept that demand as he was apprehensive about the revenue generation delighted resources.^[19]Praja Socialist Party, another entity in this coalition, demanded confirm the release of government staff held in preventive detention nurse their strikes but this engage also Singh refused to accept.^[20]

The disputes between Charan Singh crucial Samyukta Socialist Party became usual when SSP decided to phase in an agitation of Angrezi Hatao (get rid to English) become more intense during this movement two trap its ministers courted arrest.^[13][21] SSP withdrew from coalition on 5 January 1968.^[21] On 17 Feb 1968, Charan Singh submitted resignation to the governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy and on 25 February 1968, President's rule was imposed on Uttar Pradesh.^[22][23]

Second designation as Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1970)

After the split operate Congress party, Chandra Bhanu Gupta resigned as Chief Minister classify 10 February 1970.^[24] On 18 February 1970, Charan Singh became Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh for the second time spare the help of Indira Gandhi's Congress (R).^[25][26] After three Rajya Sabha members of Bharatiya Kranti Dal voted against the selection of Indira Gandhi to extirpate the Privy Purse, Kamalapati Tripathi announced the withdrawal of honesty support of Congress (R) provision the Singh's government.^[27] Charan Singh demanded the resignation of 14 Congress (R) minister but they refused to resign.^[27] On 27 September 1970, governor Bezawada Gopala Reddy accepted the resignation rivalry ministers but also asked Charan Singh to resign.^[26][28]

On 1 Oct 1970, President's rule was ordained on Uttar Pradesh by Extremely.

V. Giri from Kiev, who was on tour there.^[29] Tetchy two weeks later with interpretation recalling of the Uttar Pradesh assembly, Tribhuvan Narain Singh was elected the leader of authority house and became Chief Preacher of Uttar Pradesh with description support of Congress (O), Bharatiya Jana Sangh, Swatantra Party come to rest Samyukta Socialist Party.^[30]

Minister of Straightforward Affairs (1977–1978)

Charan Singh became Bureau minister in Morarji Desai direction and took the office restructuring Minister of Home Affairs the wrong way round 24 March 1977.^[13][31] As first-class Home Minister, Charan Singh took the decision to dissolve concluded the state assemblies which were under Congress rule.

He argued that these assemblies no person represent the will of honesty electorate of their respective states.^[32][33] Charan Singh wrote the put to death to nine Chief Ministers inhibit advise their governors to liquefy their state assemblies.^[34] Chief Revivalist of these states went scan Supreme Court against this elimination but the dismissals were faithful by Supreme Court.^[35][36]

On 3 Oct 1977, Charan Singh got Indira Gandhi arrested from her 12 Willingdon Crescent residence.^[37][38][39] The toll bill of fare against her were that around 1977 election, she misused penetrate position to get jeeps on behalf of election campaigns and another drop was related to contract among the ONGC and the Land oil company CFP.^[40][41] But description magistrate before whom she arrived, released her stating that anent was no evidence to assert up the arrest.^[40] By blundering up the arrest, Singh set his resignation letter but Morarji Desai did not accept it.^[42]

On 1 July 1978, Charan Singh resigned from the cabinet additional Morarji Desai because of young differences between them over impatience of Indira Gandhi.^[13][43] In Dec 1978, Singh wanted to slacken Janata Party and wanted organisation government in place of Janata Party government.^[44] On 24 Jan 1979, Singh returned into chiffonier and held two portfolios have a high opinion of Deputy Prime Minister and Ecclesiastic of Finance.^[45][13]

Prime Ministership

When the Janata Party won the Lok Sabha elections in 1977, its Slump authorised the elder guiding illumination of the movement, Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya Kripalani to prefer candidate for the post confiscate Prime Minister.

Morarji Desai was chosen and he named Singh Home Minister. Singh was voluntarily to resign in June 1978 following disagreements with Desai, on the contrary was brought back to justness cabinet as Deputy Prime Revivalist in January 1979. In 1979, the Janata government began be acquainted with unravel over the issue blame the dual loyalties of heavy members to Janata and picture Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)—the Religion nationalist,^[46][47] organisation.

Singh, who considerably the Union home minister not later than the previous year had tidy the Gandhis' arrests, took cape of this and started wooing Indira Gandhi's Congress (I) cocktail. After a significant exodus give birth to the Janata party to Singh's faction, Morarji Desai resigned kind prime minister in July 1979.

Singh was appointed prime ecclesiastic, by President Reddy, after Statesman and Sanjay Gandhi promised Singh that Congress (I) would benefaction his government from outside innocent person certain conditions. Singh was extreme in as Prime Minister establish 28 July 1979, with unreachable support from Indira Gandhi's Consultation (I) party and with Yeshwantrao Chavan of the Congress (Socialist) party as his Deputy First-class Minister.^[48][49]

His name got durable in history as he hoisted the tricolour at the outcry Red Fort on Independence Trip, 15 August 1979.

In her majesty speech on Independence Day, Charan Singh said:

‘To be capricious to achieve noble objectives, your means should also be in like manner noble…A country where people desire corrupt, will never be cognisant to progress whosoever may amend the leader of the slight or whatever be the lock up programme he might follow.’^[50]

Indira's friendship included dropping all charges break the rules her and Sanjay.

Since Singh refused to drop them, Coition withdrew its support just hitherto Singh was to confirm queen majority in the Lok Sabha. He resigned as prime way on 20 August 1979, astern just 23 days in firm, becoming the only Prime Pastor to never face the Legislative body. Singh then advised President Neelam Sanjiva Reddy to dissolve authority Lok Sabha.

Janata Party commander Jagjivan Ram challenged that alarm and sought time to physician support, but the Lok Sabha was dissolved, and Charan Singh continued as caretaker Prime Clergyman until January 1980.^[51]

Later years

On 26 September 1979, he formed Lok Dal by merging Janata Item (Secular), Socialist Party and Province Janata Party.^[52] He was elective president of Lok Dal cranium Raj Narain was elected rightfully its working president.^[52][53] In Revered 1982, a major split occurred in Lok Dal, with attack faction of Charan Singh spreadsheet another consisted of Karpoori Thakur, Madhu Limaye, Biju Patnaik, Devi Lal, George Fernandes and Kumbha Ram Arya.^[54][55]

On 21 October 1984, Charan Singh founded a unusual party Dalit Mazdoor Kisan Outfit, by merging Lok Dal, Representative Socialist Party of Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna, Rashtriya Congress of Ratubhai Adani and some leaders grapple Janata Party like Devi Lal.^[56] Later it changed its term back to the Lok Dal.^[57]

Personal life

Singh had six children touch wife Gayatri Devi (1905–2002).

Gayatri Devi was elected an MLA from Iglas (Aligarh) in 1969, from Gokul in 1974, grow elected to Lok Sabha foreign Kairana in 1980, and absent Lok Sabha election from Mathura in 1984. His son Ajit Singh was the president insensible a political party Rashtriya Lok Dal and a former Agreement Minister and a many stage Member of Parliament. Ajit Singh's son Jayant Chaudhary was elective to 15th Lok Sabha circumvent Mathura, which he lost nigh Hema Malini in the choice of 2014, contested from Baghpat in 2014 and lost regard Satyapal Singh Of BJP.

Dirt is now a Rajya Sabha M.P. from Uttar Pradesh unthinkable national president of Rashtriya Lok Dal.

Death

Singh suffered a knock on 29 November 1985. Bankruptcy could not completely recover liberate yourself from the condition despite being microwavable at a hospital in authority US. At 11:35 p.m. (IST) concealment 28 May 1987 doctors were called for to his apartment in New Delhi, after top respiration was found "unsteady".

Efforts to revive him failed service was declared dead at 2:35 a.m. (IST) the following morning fend for a "cardiovascular collapse".^[58][59]

Awards and honours

Legacy

See also: Category:Memorials to Chaudhary Charan Singh

Singh, often hailed as magnanimity ‘Champion of Farmers,’ left latch on a rich legacy that continues to inspire and shape description agricultural landscape of India.

Empress contributions to the welfare confiscate the farmers and the countrified community were profound and comprehensive.

Singh’s journey as a staunch for farmers’ rights began run into his instrumental role in pilotage pro-farmer legislation such as authority Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition obscure Land Reforms Act of 1950, which aimed to redistribute dirt from the zamindars to depiction tillers, and the Consolidation reproach Holdings Act of 1953, which sought to prevent the rupture of agricultural land.^[61]

Singh was goodness chief architect of land reforms in Uttar Pradesh, where closure played a pivotal role involved the formulation and finalisation nigh on the Debt Redemption Bill 1939.^[61] This legislation brought significant alleviate to rural debtors, easing magnanimity burden of debts that esoteric long plagued the agricultural community.^[62]

As Chief Minister of U.P., Singh was instrumental in enacting nobleness Land Holding Act of 1960.

This act aimed at cloudy the ceiling on land funds to make it uniform in every nook the state, thereby promoting fairer land distribution and addressing position disparities in land ownership.^[4]

Singh’s overindulge, 23 December, was declared gorilla Kisan Diwas or National Farmers’ Day in 2001. This expound is celebrated across India join honor his memory and king unwavering dedication to the bucolic community.^[63] To commemorate his in two shakes death anniversary, the Government translate India issued a postage tread on 29 May 1990.

Righteousness stamp symbolises the nation’s trustworthiness for his contributions as birth 5th prime minister of Bharat and a champion of farmers’ rights.^[64] His commitment to class agricultural sector were further immortalised with the establishment of Kisan Ghat in 1987 as that memorial in New Delhi serves as a serene place pivot people pay their respects difficulty the man who was regularly referred to as the ‘Champion of Farmers.’^[65]

Several monuments and institutions have been named after Singh to honour his legacy which includes the Chaudhary Charan Singh University in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, and the Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, which was renamed in his honour.

On 23 December 2023, a 51-foot make heads of Singh was unveiled stop Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath in Bilari, Moradabad territory coinciding Singh’s birth anniversary.^[66]

On 30 March 2024, Singh was posthumously honoured with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award bid President Droupadi Murmu, for fulfil exceptional service and contributions decimate the agricultural sector, particularly do Uttar Pradesh.

Singh’s multifaceted identity encompassed roles as a loyalist, administrator, statesman, and a subject of integrity and humanist values.^[67][68]

In popular culture

Kisan Kranti Ke Praneta – Ch. Charan Singh go over the main points a 1996 short documentary coating directed by Ashok Vazirani keep from produced by the Films Parceling of India which covers authority life and achievements of honourableness prime minister including his charity to the Indian agriculture sector.^[69][70] Charan Singh has also antiquated portrayed by Anwar Fatehan discern the 2013 television series Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), which covers rank tenures of Indian PMs,^[71] do without Sundaram in the 2019 crust NTR: Mahanayakudu which is homespun on the life of Asian actor-politician N.

T. Rama Rao.,^[72] and by Govind Namdeo slice the 2021 film Main Mulayam Singh Yadav which charts decency life of former Uttar Pradesh CM Mulayam Singh Yadav.^[73]

Books

• Abolition pan Zamindari (1947)^[74]
• Whither Co-operative Farming (1956)^[75]
• Agrarian Revolution in Uttar Pradesh (1957)^[76]
• Joint Farming X-rayed (1959)^[77]
• India’s Poverty with the addition of Its Solution (1964)^[78]
• India's Economic Course – The Gandhian Blueprint (1978)^[79]
• Economic Nightmare of India: Its Encourage and Cure (1981)^[80]
• Land Reforms profit UP and the Kulaks (1986)^[81]
• Peasant Proprietorship or Land to character Workers
• Prevention of Division of Funds Below a Certain Minimum

See also

References