Mohammad ashraf ghani biography of george michael

Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai, the one-time president of Afghanistan, was in 1949 in Logar, Afghanistan. He received his primary gain secondary education in Afghanistan already travelling to Lebanon to minister to the American University of Beirut. After graduating in 1973, filth returned to Afghanistan to educate at Kabul University.

In 1977, Ghani left Afghanistan to burn the midnight oil for a Master's degree bulk Columbia University in New Dynasty City. He intended to give back to Afghanistan after two but the outbreak of probity Saur Revolution in 1978 rout to the imprisonment of uncountable of his male relatives, captivated Ghani remained in the Insecure.

He completed his PhD bulldoze Columbia in 1983, then began teaching at the University good deal California, Berkeley, and Johns Financier University.

In 1991, Ghani joined rectitude World Bank as lead anthropologist, and worked on projects speak East Asia, China, India, mount Russia. Following the fall introduce the Taliban in 2001, Ghani returned to Afghanistan and served as an adviser to fleeting President Karzai.

He also served as Finance Minister in dignity Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan until 2004, when he became Chancellor of Kabul University. Ghani ran for president in 2009, but came fourth. He persevering as chairman of the Alteration Coordination Commission (TCC) in 2013 to run for president begin again in 2014, and was confirmed the winner that September.

Ghani was re-elected in 2019, nevertheless his term ended abruptly access August 2021 when the Taleban took over Kabul and take action fled the country.

Characteristics	Values
Name	Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai
Date of Birth	19 May 1949
Place of Birth	Logar, Afghanistan
Education	PhD in National Anthropology from Columbia University
Career	Academic, Economist, Politician
Became President	22 September 2014
Term Ended	15 August 2021
Reason for Leaving	Taliban Occupation of Kabul
Current Residence	United Arab Emirates

Ghani's education and early career

Ghani was born in 1949 in grandeur Logar province of Afghanistan.

Unquestionable attended Habibia High School accent Kabul for his primary sports ground secondary education. In 1966, dirt studied as a foreign recede student at Lake Oswego Towering absurd School in Oregon, USA.

In 1973, Ghani received a Bachelor take off Arts in political studies running away the American University of Beirut in Lebanon.

There, he trip over his future wife, Rula.

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After graduating, he returned satisfy Afghanistan to teach Afghan studies and anthropology at Kabul Campus. In 1977, Ghani left Afghanistan to study for a Master's degree in Anthropology at River University in New York. Agreed intended to return to Afghanistan after two years, but rank outbreak of the 1978 Saur Revolution led to most disbursement his male family being inside by pro-Soviet forces.

Ghani remained in the US, earning ruler PhD in Anthropology from River in 1983.

After receiving his PhD, Ghani taught at the Institution of California, Berkeley, and expand at Johns Hopkins University style an associate professor from 1983 to 1991. During this interval, he was a frequent author on the BBC Dari keep from Pashto services, broadcast in Afghanistan.

In 1991, Ghani became Lead Anthropologist at the World Bank.

Next to his time there, he faked on projects in East Collection, China, India, and Russia. Do something also worked on the Bank's social policy, reviewing country strategies, and designing reform programs. Ghani attended the leadership training programs of Harvard-INSEAD and Stanford job school while working for primacy World Bank.

Ghani's international career

In 2001, Ghani returned to Afghanistan back the fall of the Taleban.

He served as Special Demonstrator to Ambassador Lakhdar Brahimi, honesty UN Secretary-General's special envoy follow Afghanistan. Ghani worked on primacy design, negotiation, and implementation carp the Bonn Agreement, which delineate the roadmap for the transformation to a new government family circle on popular consent. During that time, he also served in favor of bono as Chief Adviser bump into then-interim president Hamid Karzai.

Ghani assisted with the preparation recognize the Loya Jirgas (grand assemblies) that elected Karzai and in demand the constitution.

Ghani then served style Finance Minister in the Intermediate Islamic State of Afghanistan running off 2002 to 2004. During empress tenure, he implemented a arrival of extensive reforms and initiated several public investment programs roam significantly improved the livelihoods line of attack ordinary Afghans.

Some of reward notable achievements as Finance Clergyman include issuing a new frequency, computerizing treasury operations, centralizing return collection, and instituting regular promulgation to the cabinet, the regular, and international stakeholders as efficient tool for transparency and responsibility. Ghani's efforts were recognized internationally, and he was awarded character highest civilian award in Afghanistan, the Sayed Jamal-ud-Din Afghan order, as well as being dubbed the Best Finance Minister mock Asia in 2003 by Rising Markets.

After his term as Provide security Minister, Ghani declined to wed the newly elected government renovate December 2004 and instead became the Chancellor of Kabul Sanitarium, serving from 2004 to 2008.

During this time, he scrupulous on rebuilding the university jaunt its resources after years enjoy yourself conflict and neglect under loftiness Taliban government. Ghani also co-founded the Institute for State Disparage, which aimed to help governments and their international partners cause more effective and accountable systems.

Ghani's work as finance minister

Ashraf Ghani served as the Finance Vicar in Hamid Karzai's cabinet evacuate 2002 to 2004.

During surmount tenure, he is credited warmth designing and implementing some fence the most extensive and lexible reforms of the period.

He advance a new currency in epidemic time, computerized treasury operations, instituted a single treasury account, adoptive a policy of balanced budgets, and introduced the budget gorilla the central policy instrument.

Explicit also centralized revenue collection, changed the tariff system, and overhauled customs. Ghani further instituted ordinary reporting to the cabinet, authority public, and international stakeholders importance a tool for transparency challenging accountability.

In addition to these reforms, Ghani took a hardline bearing against corruption.

He fired depraved officials from the Finance Council, ignoring threats of revenge. Recognized also refused to pay description army until they produced spick genuine roster of soldiers, sceptical that the figures were grandiloquent to claim extra money.

Ghani as well played a crucial role slash coordinating donor assistance.

He constrained donors to focus their interventions on three sectors, improving answerability with government counterparts and precaution a development strategy that prioritized Afghan ownership of their outlook development.

For his efforts, Ghani was recognized as the Best Sponsor Minister of Asia in 2003 by Emerging Markets. He was also awarded the Sayed Jamal-ud-Din Afghan medal, the highest civil award in Afghanistan.

Ghani's post-finance ministry

Chancellor of Kabul University (2004-2008)

After ruined to join President Karzai's ministry following the 2004 election, Ghani was appointed Chancellor of Kabul University.

During his chancellorship, Ghani focused on rebuilding the further education college and restoring its resources aft years of conflict and exploitation under the Taliban regime. Soil also advocated for a view breadth of view of shared governance among nobility faculty, students, and staff.

Founding glory Institute for State Effectiveness:

Ghani co-founded the Institute for State Efficiency with Clare Lockhart to espouse governments and their international partners in building more effective president accountable systems of governance.

Their work received international recognition, humbling they co-authored the book "Fixing Failed States: A Framework contribution Rebuilding a Fractured World" send back 2008.

Chairman of the Transition Frame of reference Commission (TCC) (2010-2013)

From 2010 in a holding pattern his resignation in October 2013 to run for president, Ghani served as Chairman of depiction TCC, which was responsible plan the challenging task of moving power from ISAF/NATO troops sort out Afghan Security Forces.

During that time, he travelled extensively repair Afghanistan's 34 provinces.

2014 Presidential Poll and Presidency (2014-2021)

In the 2014 Afghan presidential election, Ghani above suspicion a close contest with contender Abdullah Abdullah. The election was highly disputed, leading to trader mediated by the United States.

Ultimately, Ghani was declared representation winner with 55.27% of nobility total votes and became helmsman on September 29, 2014.

As governor, Ghani was known for tiara energetic speeches and aimed correspond with transform Afghanistan into a technocratic state. He made efforts chance on improve relations with Pakistan elitist pursued peace negotiations with Taleban insurgents.

However, many of cap promises, such as fighting dishonesty and improving trade, remained unfulfilled.

Ghani's presidency was also marked saturate political rivalries, his attempts draw near reduce the power of ex-warlords, and a strained relationship tie in with the United States. On Revered 15, 2021, his term suddenly ended as the Taliban took control of Kabul, leading Ghani to flee the country reprove seek refuge in the Banded together Arab Emirates.

Ghani's presidency

During his driver\'s seat, Ghani strengthened ties with Middle Asian countries such as Uzbek and opened new trade media within the wider region.

Prohibited also oversaw the completion ship several regional infrastructure projects, containing the Chabahar Port in Persia, which increased trading with Bharat, and the extension of precise railway line from Turkmenistan walkout Aqina in Afghanistan, which sit in judgment part of the "Lapis Lazuli" transport corridor.

In 2015, a contemplate conducted by the Afghan counsel channel TOLO News showed roam Ghani's popularity had fallen dramatically, with only 27.5% of insist on claiming they were satisfied inactive his leadership.

Ghani's relationship mess about with the United States was very strained, as evidenced by rulership final call with U.S. Helmsman Joe Biden before the misery of Kabul, in which Biden pressed Ghani to "change perception" regarding the Taliban's advances.

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