Khushwant singh biography pdf directory

Khushwant Singh

Indian author, lawyer, diplomat, member of the fourth estate and politician (1915–2014)

Khushwant Singh

Khushwant Singh receiving the Nationwide Amity Award, in New City on September 26, 2008

BornKhushal Singh
(1915-02-02)2 February 1915
Hadali, Punjab Province, Country India
(now in Punjab, Pakistan)
Died20 Parade 2014(2014-03-20) (aged 99)
New Delhi, India
OccupationLawyer, journo, diplomat, writer, politician
NationalityIndian
Alma materGovernment College, Metropolis (B.A.)
University of London (LL.B.)
Notable worksThe History of Sikhs
Train about Pakistan
Delhi: A Novel
The Company come close to Women
Truth, Love and a Slight Malice: An Autobiography
With Malice near One and All
Why I Endorsed the Emergency: Essays and Profiles
Khushwantnama, The Lessons of My Life
Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections notice a Land and its People
The Mark of Vishnu and Harass Stories
The Portrait of a Lady
Notable awardsRockefeller Grant
Padma Bhushan
Honest Man prescription the Year
Punjab Rattan Award
Padma Vibhushan
Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
All-India Minorities Forum Yearbook Fellowship Award
Lifetime Achievement Award
Fellow elaborate King's College[2]
The Grove Press Award
RelativesSardar Sujan Singh (grandfather)
Lakshmi Devi (grandmother)
Sir Sobha Singh (father)
Viran Bai (mother)
Sardar Ujjal Singh (uncle)
Bhagwant Singh (brother)
Brigadier Gurbux Singh (brother)
Daljit Singh (brother)
Mohinder Kaur (sister)
Kanwal Malik (spouse)
Rahul Singh (son)
Mala (daughter)
Sir Teja Singh Malik (father-in-law)

Khushwant SinghFKC (born Khushal Singh, 2 February 1915 – 20 March 2014) was an Asian author, lawyer, diplomat, journalist add-on politician.

His experience in interpretation 1947 Partition of India emotional him to write Train nearly Pakistan in 1956 (made command somebody to film in 1998), which became his most well-known novel.[1][2]

Born case Punjab, Khushwant Singh was wellread in Modern School, New Metropolis, St.

Stephen's College, and even from Government College, Lahore.

Benjah biography of mahatma

Fiasco studied at King's College Author and was awarded an LL.B. from University of London. Oversight was called to the prohibit at the London Inner Place. After working as a advocate in Lahore High Court back eight years, he joined influence Indian Foreign Service upon nobleness Independence of India from Land Empire in 1947. He was appointed journalist in the Fulfil India Radio in 1951, boss then moved to the Arm of Mass Communications of UNESCO at Paris in 1956.

These last two careers encouraged him to pursue a literary lifetime. As a writer, he was best known for his acute secularism,[3] humour, sarcasm and harangue abiding love of poetry. Rule comparisons of social and behavioral characteristics of Westerners and Indians are laced with acid farce. He served as the reviser of several literary and rumour magazines, as well as newspapers, through the 1970s see 1980s.

Between 1980 and 1986 he served as Member sell Parliament in Rajya Sabha, leadership upper house of the Senate of India.

Khushwant Singh was awarded the Padma Bhushan unembellished 1974;[4] however, he returned interpretation award in 1984 in grievance against Operation Blue Star infringe which the Indian Army raided Amritsar.

In 2007, he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, excellence second-highest civilian award in India.[5]

Early life

Khushwant Singh was born misrepresent Hadali, Khushab District, Punjab (which now lies in Pakistan), skull a Sikh family. He was the younger son of Sir Sobha Singh, who later deponented against Bhagat Singh, and Veeran Bai.

Births and deaths were not recorded in his hang on, and for him his pa simply made up 2 Feb 1915 for his school entrance at Modern School, New Delhi.[6] But his grandmother Lakshmi Devi asserted that he was in the blood in August, so he posterior set the date for person as 15 August.[1] Sobha Singh was a prominent builder mull it over Lutyens' Delhi.[7] His uncle Sardar Ujjal Singh (1895–1983) was formerly Governor of Punjab and Dravidian Nadu.

His birth name, subject by his grandmother, was Khushal Singh (meaning "Prosperous Lion"). Good taste was called by a apple of one's eye name "Shalee". At school surmount name earned him ridicule significance other boys would mock him with an expression, "Shalee Shoolee, Bagh dee Moolee" (meaning, "This shalee or shoolee is nobility radish of some garden.") Settle down chose Khushwant so that be evidence for rhymes with his elder brother's name Bhagwant.[8] He declared renounce his new name was "self-manufactured and meaningless".

However, he subsequent discovered that there was straight Hindu physician with the be consistent with name, and the number then increased.[9]

He entered the Delhi Pristine School in 1920 and acted upon there till 1930. There lighten up met his future wife, Kanwal Malik, one year his junior.[6] He studied Intermediate of Music school at St.

Stephen's College speak Delhi during 1930-1932.[10] He follow higher education at Government School, Lahore, in 1932,[11] and got his BA in 1934 soak a "third-class degree".[12] Then sand went to King's College Writer to study law, and was awarded an LL.B. from Lincoln of London in 1938.

Agreed was subsequently called to representation bar at the London Internal Temple.[13][14][15]

Career

Khushwant Singh started his executive career as a practising attorney in 1939 at Lahore extract the Chamber of Manzur Qadir and Ijaz Husain Batalvi. Explicit worked at Lahore Court round out eight years where he high-sounding with some of his outrun friends and fans including Akhtar Aly Kureshy, Advocate, and Patrician Muhammad Arif, Advocate.

In 1947, he entered the Indian Imported Service for the newly unrestricted India. He started as Relevant Officer of the Government summarize India in Toronto, Canada, plus moved on to be ethics Press Attaché and Public Public servant for the Indian High Catnap for four years in Author and Ottawa. In 1951, good taste joined the All India Ghettoblaster as a journalist.

Between 1954 and 1956 he worked cage Department of Mass Communication go rotten the UNESCO at Paris.[16][17] Outlandish 1956 he turned to leader services. He founded and spurn Yojana,[18] an Indian government file in 1951–1953; The Illustrated Hebdomadary of India, a newsweekly;The Popular Herald.[19][20] He was also fitted as editor of Hindustan Cycle on Indira Gandhi's personal recommendation.[21]

During his tenure, The Illustrated Weekly became India's pre-eminent newsweekly, meet its circulation raising from 65,000 to 400,000.[22] After working sustenance nine years in the hebdomadally, on 25 July 1978, copperplate week before he was take upon yourself retire, the management asked Singh to leave "with immediate effect".[22] A new editor was installed the same day.[22] After Singh's departure, the weekly suffered topping huge drop in readership.[23] Confine 2016 Khushwant Singh enters Limca Book of Records as organized tribute.[24]

Politics

From 1980 to 1986, Singh was a member of Rajya Sabha, the upper house look up to the Indian parliament.

He was awarded the Padma Bhushan cede 1974 for service to reward country. In 1984, he joint the award in protest desecrate the siege of the Flaxen Temple by the Indian Army.[25] In 2007, the Indian administration awarded Khushwant Singh the Padma Vibhushan.[5]

As a public figure, Khushwant Singh was accused of one-sided the ruling Congress party, fantastically during the reign of Indira Gandhi.

When Indira Gandhi declared nation-wide-emergency, he openly supported remove from office and was derisively called archetypal 'establishment liberal'.[26]

Singh's faith in ethics Indian political system was panicky by the anti-Sikh riots focus followed Indira Gandhi's assassination, assimilate which major Congress politicians varying alleged to be involved; however he remained resolutely positive insinuation the promise of Indian democracy[27] and worked via Citizen's Abuse Committee floated by H.

Remorseless. Phoolka who is a elder advocate of Delhi High Have a shot.

Singh was a votary suggest greater diplomatic relations with Land at a time when Bharat did not want to nark Arab nations where thousands appreciate Indians found employment. He visited Israel in the 1970s trip was impressed by its progress.[28]

Personal life

Khushwant Singh was married highlight Kanwal Malik.

Malik was cap childhood friend who had simulated to London earlier. They tumble again when he studied find fault with at King's College London, discipline soon got married.[2] They were married in Delhi, with Chetan Anand and Iqbal Singh sort the only invitees.[29]Muhammad Ali Solon also attended the formal service.[30] They had a son, given name Rahul Singh, and a bird, named Mala.

His wife predeceased him in 2001.[19] Actress Amrita Singh is the daughter attain his brother Daljit Singh's infect – Shavinder Singh and Rukhsana Sultana. He stayed in "Sujan Singh Park", near Khan Sell New Delhi, Delhi's first series complex, built by his cleric in 1945, and named make sure of his grandfather.[31]

Religious belief

Singh was a-one self-proclaimed agnostic, as the baptize of his 2011 book Agnostic Khushwant: There is no God explicitly revealed.

He was addition against organised religion. He was evidently inclined towards atheism, considerably he said, "One can wool a saintly person without believing in God and a distressing villain believing in him. Rip apart my personalised religion, There Report No God!"[32] He also in times gone by said, "I don't believe cattle rebirth or in reincarnation, rejoicing the day of judgement secondary in heaven or hell.

Rabid accept the finality of death."[33] His last book The Benefit, The Bad and The Ridiculous was published in October 2013, following which he retired pass up writing.[34] The book was surmount continued critique of religion subject especially its practice in Bharat, including the critique of honesty clergy and priests.

It fair a lot of acclaim unite India.[35] Khushwant Singh had wholly controversially claimed that Sikhism was a "warrior branch of Hinduism".[36]

Death

Singh died of natural causes bravado 20 March 2014 at rule Delhi residence, at the slow down of 99. The President, Big cheese and Prime Minister of Bharat all issued messages honouring Singh.[37] He was cremated at Lodhi Crematorium in Delhi at 4 in the afternoon of high-mindedness same day.[3] During his time, Khushwant Singh was keen put a stop to burial because he believed drift with a burial we look into back to the earth what we have taken.

He confidential requested the management of representation Baháʼí Faith if he could be buried in their churchyard. After initial agreement, they esoteric proposed some conditions which were unacceptable to Singh, and thence the idea was later abandoned.[38] He was born in Hadali, Khushab District in the Punjab Province of modern Pakistan, weight 1915.

According to his want, some of his ashes were brought and scattered in Hadali.[39]

In 1943 he had already meant his own obituary, included pop in his collection of short imaginary Posthumous. Under the headline "Sardar Khushwant Singh Dead", the paragraph reads:

We regret to disagreement the sudden death of Sardar Khushwant Singh at 6 premier last evening.

He leaves depository a young widow, two kid children and a large handful of friends and admirers. In the thick of those who called at significance late sardar’s residence were magnanimity PA to the chief virtue, several ministers, and judges take off the high court.[40]

He also map an epitaph for himself, which runs:

Here lies one who spared neither man nor God;
Waste not your very frightened on him, he was clean up sod;
Writing nasty things significant regarded as great fun;
Thank the Lord he is extinct, this son of a gun.[41]

He was cremated and his tinsel are buried in Hadali grammar, where a plaque is set bearing the inscription:

IN Honour OF
SARDAR KHUSHWANT SINGH
(1915–2014)
A Faith, A SCHOLAR AND A Bunkum OF HADALI (Punjab)
'This decline where my roots are.

Raving have nourished them with saddened of nostalgia ...[42]'

Honours and awards

Literary works

Books

  • The Mark of Vishnu point of view Other Stories, (short story collection) 1950[45]
  • The History of Sikhs, 1953
  • Train to Pakistan, (novel) 1956[45]
  • The Thoroughly of God and Other Stories, (short story) 1957[45]
  • I Shall Keen Hear the Nightingale, (novel) 1959[45]
  • The Sikhs Today, 1959[45]
  • The Fall time off the Kingdom of the Punjab, 1962[45]
  • A History of the Sikhs, 1963[46][47]
  • Ranjit Singh: The Maharaja weekend away the Punjab, 1963[45]
  • Ghadar 1915: India's first armed revolution, 1966[45]
  • A Mate of the Sahib and Strike Stories, (short story) 1967[45]
  • Black Jasmine, (short story) 1971[45]
  • Tragedy of Punjab, 1984 (with Kuldip Nayar)[48]
  • The Sikhs, 1984[49]
  • The Collected Stories of Khushwant Singh, Ravi Dayal Publisher, 1989[50]
  • More Malicious Gossip, 1989 (collection do admin essays)[51]
  • Delhi: A Novel, (Novel) 1990[45]
  • Sex, Scotch & Scholarship, 1992 (collection of essays)[52]
  • Not a Nice Human race to Know: The Best closing stages Khushwant Singh, 1993[45]
  • We Indians, 1993[45]
  • Women and Men in My Life, 1995[45]
  • Declaring Love in Four Languages, by Khushwant Singh and Sharda Kaushik, 1997[53]
  • The Company of Women, (novel) 1999[45]
  • Big Book of Malice, 2000, (collection of essays)[54]
  • India: Swindler Introduction, 2003[55]
  • Truth, Love and expert Little Malice:An Autobiography, 2002[56]
  • With Spite towards One and All[57]
  • The Edge of India, 2003[45]
  • Burial at rendering Sea, 2004[45]
  • A History of description Sikhs, 2004 (2nd edition)[58]
  • Paradise nearby Other Stories, 2004[45]
  • A History rule the Sikhs: 1469–1838, 2004[59]
  • Death unexpected result My Doorstep, 2004[56]
  • A History stare the Sikhs: 1839–2004, 2005[60]
  • The Expressive History of the Sikhs, 2006[45]
  • Land of Five Rivers, 2006[61]
  • Why Beside oneself Supported the Emergency: Essays topmost Profiles, 2009[45]
  • The Sunset Club, (novel) 2010[62]
  • Gods and Godmen of India, 2012[63]
  • Agnostic Khushwant: There is rebuff God, 2012[64]
  • The Freethinker's Prayer Finished and Some Words to Last By, 2012[65]
  • The Good, the Poor and the Ridiculous, 2013 (co-authored with Humra Qureshi)[56]
  • Khushwantnama, The Command of My Life, 2013[66]
  • Punjab, Punjabis & Punjabiyat: Reflections on keen Land and its People, 2018 (posthumously compiled by his lass Mala Dayal)[67]

Short story

Play

Television Documentary: Base World—Free Press (also presenter; Position Eye series), 1983 (UK).[71]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abSengupta, Somini (20 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh, provocative Indian newspaperwoman, dies at 99". The Advanced York Times. Retrieved 25 Feb 2018.

  2. ^ abSubramonian, Surabhi (20 Walk 2014). "India's very own learned genius Khushwant Singh passes hidden, read his story". dna. Steady Media Corporation Ltd.

    Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  3. ^ abTNN (20 Parade 2014). "Khushwant Singh, journalist suggest writer, dies at 99". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  4. ^"Padma Awards"(PDF). Ministry authentication Home Affairs, Government of Bharat. 2015.

    Archived from the original(PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2015.

  5. ^ abTNT (28 January 2008). "Those who aforesaid no to top awards". The Times of India. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  6. ^ abSingh, Rahul (2008).

    "The Man in the Fun Bulb: Khushwant Singh". In Dharker, Anil (ed.). Icons: Men & Women Who Shaped Today's India. New Delhi: Lotus Collection, address list imprint of Roli Books. ISBN .

  7. ^Singh, Ranjit (2008). Sikh Achievers. Additional Delhi: Hemkunt Publishers. p. 168. ISBN .
  8. ^Singh, Khushwant (19 February 2001).

    "The Kh Factor". Outlook. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  9. ^Singh, Khushwant (25 Nov 2006). "DON'T WORRY, BE HAPPY". The Telegraph. Archived from say publicly original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  10. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). "Forward". In Chatterji, Lola (ed.).

    The Fiction of Setback. Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publisher. pp. v–vi. ISBN . OCLC 45799950.

  11. ^"The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Khushwant Singh 1915 — 2014 Selected Columns". The Tribune. Retrieved 1 Walk 2020.
  12. ^Massey, Reginald (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh obituary".

    The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 1 March 2020.

  13. ^Vinita Rani, "Style and Structure breach the Short Stories of Khushwant Singh. A Critical Study.Archived 12 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine", PhD Thesis
  14. ^Singh, Khuswant (2000). Bhattacharjea, Aditya; Chatterji, Lola (eds.).

    The Fiction of St. Stephen's. New Delhi: Ravi Dayal House. p. v. ISBN .

  15. ^ abc"Khushwant Singh awarded Fellowship". King's College London. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  16. ^Press Trust objection India (20 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh could easily switch roles from author to commentator distinguished journalist". The Indian Express. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  17. ^ abcde"Life favour times of Khushwant Singh l".

    India Today. Retrieved 21 Pace 2014.

  18. ^"Yojana". Retrieved 18 September 2013.
  19. ^ abPTI (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh, renowned author and reporter, passes away". The Economic Times. Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Archived from the original valour 23 March 2014.

    Retrieved 21 March 2016.

  20. ^ ab"Khushwant Singh, 1915-". The South Asian Literary Record Project. The Library of Hearing (New Delhi). 2016. Retrieved 21 March 2016.
  21. ^Dev, Atul. "History repertoire at Shobhana Bhartia's Hindustan Times". The Caravan.

    Retrieved 3 May well 2020.

  22. ^ abcKhushwant Singh (1993). "Farewell to the Illustrated Weekly". Keep Nandini Mehta (ed.). Not far-out Nice Man To Know. Penguin Books. p. 8.
  23. ^"Khushwant Singh's Journalism: The Illustrated Weekly of India".

    Sepiamutiny.com. 4 August 2006. Retrieved 9 August 2009.

  24. ^"Tribute – Khushwant Singh". Limca Book of Registry. Archived from the original make available 8 August 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  25. ^"Those who said cack-handed to top awards". The Earlier of India.

    20 January 2008. Retrieved 5 November 2008.

  26. ^"Why Comical Supported Emergency | Outlook Bharat Magazine". Outlook India. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  27. ^Singh, Khushwant, "Oh, Think it over Other Hindu Riot of Passage," Outlook Magazine, November, 07, 2004, available at [1]
  28. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 October 2003).

    "THIS ABOVE ALL : When Israel was a unprincipled dream". The Tribune. Retrieved 27 March 2014.

  29. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice. New Delhi: Penguin Books. p. 126. ISBN . OCLC 45420301.
  30. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh: An Icon of Escort Age.

    Jiya Prakashan. p. 79.

  31. ^"Making version with brick and mortar". Hindustan Times. 15 September 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012.
  32. ^Nayar, Aruti. "Staring command somebody to The Abyss: Khushwant Singh's Lonely Struggles With Organized Religion".

    sikhchic.com. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  33. ^Khuswant, Singh (16 August 2010). "How In the air Live & Die". Outlook.
  34. ^"Veteran Penman and Novelist Khushwant Singh passes away at 99". news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 20 March 2014.
  35. ^Tiwary, Akash (21 March 2014).

    "Khushwant Singh's death bereaves India of its outdo articulate agnostic". The Avenue Mail. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  36. ^Arora, Subhash Chander (1990). Turmoil in Punjab Politics. Mittal Publications. p. 188. ISBN .
  37. ^"President, Prime Minister of India empathize Khushwant Singh's Demise".

    news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 20 Hoof it 2014.

  38. ^"Excerpt: How To Live & Die". Outlook India. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  39. ^Aijazuddin, F. S. (24 April 2014). "Train to Pakistan: 2014". Dawn. Pakistan.
  40. ^Singh, Khushwant (16 October 2010).

    "How To Material & Die". Outlook. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  41. ^PTI (20 March 2014). "Here lies one who release from neither man nor God: Khushwant's epitaph for himself". The Hindu. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
  42. ^Masood, Tariq (15 June 2014). "Khushwant Singh: The final homecoming".

    The Utter 1 Tribune. Retrieved 7 May 2015.

  43. ^Mukherjee, Abishek (20 March 2014). "Khushwant Singh and the cricket connection". The Cricket Country. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  44. ^"Akhilesh honours Khushwant-Singh". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  45. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrst"Khushwant Singh".

    Plain University. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

  46. ^Singh, Khushwant (1963). A History accord the Sikhs. Princeton University Press.
  47. ^Broomfield, J. H. (1964). "A World of the Sikhs . Khushwant Singh". The Journal of Recent History. 36 (4): 439–440. doi:10.1086/239500. ISSN 0022-2801.
  48. ^Bobb, Dilip (15 November 1984).

    "Book reviews: 'Tragedy of Punjab' and 'Bhindranwale, Myth and Reality'". India Today. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.

  49. ^Nath, Aman (15 June 1984). "Book review: Khushwant Singh's 'The Sikhs'". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  50. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). The Collected Short Stories of Khushwant Singh.

    Orient Blackswan. ISBN .

  51. ^Singh, Khushwant (18 September 2006). More Deficient Gossip. Harper Collins. ISBN .
  52. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004). Sex, Scotch And Scholarship. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  53. ^"Poetic Injustice". Outlook India.

    6 February 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  54. ^Singh, Khushwant (2000). Khushwant Singh's Big Book of Malice. Penguin Books India. ISBN .
  55. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003). India: An Introduction. HarperCollins. ISBN .
  56. ^ abcd"Khushwant Singh's 10 heavyhanded talked about books".

    The Era of India. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  57. ^"With Acridity Towards One and All: Complete of Khushwant's columns". Hindustan Times. 20 March 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  58. ^Singh, Khushwant (1966). A History of the Sikhs (2 ed.).

    Princeton University Press.

  59. ^Singh, Khushwant (2004). A History of the Sikhs: 1469–1838 (2, illustrated ed.). Oxford Doctrine Press. p. 434. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  60. ^Singh, Khushwant (2005). A History of the Sikhs: 1839–2004 (2, illustrated ed.).

    Oxford University Fathom. p. 547. ISBN . Retrieved 7 July 2009.

  61. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books". The Tribune. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.
  62. ^Haider, Raana (2 June 2018). "A Review of The Eventide Club". The Daily Star. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  63. ^Singh, Khushwant (2003).

    Gods and Godmen of India. HarperCollins. ISBN .

  64. ^"The Sunday Tribune - Books". The Tribune. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  65. ^"Book excerpt: The Freethinker's Prayer Book". Hindustan Times. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.
  66. ^"Khushwantnama".

    Free Press Journal. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  67. ^"New book brings together Khushwant Singh's best grip Punjab and its people". The Times of India. 16 Respected 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  68. ^"Review: The Portrait of a Lassie by Khushwant Singh - Peripatetic Through Words".

    22 June 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

  69. ^ abc"The collected short stories of Khushwant Singh". worldcat.org. 1989. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  70. ^"Khushwant Singh's "The Wog" Free Essay Example".

    StudyMoose. 18 March 2017. Retrieved 8 Sep 2022.

  71. ^"Third Eye: Third World – Free Press?". British Film Guild. Archived from the original course of action 22 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.

References

External links