King menelik ii of ethiopia

(1844-1913)

Who Was Menelik II?

Menelik II (also written as Menilek; 1844-1913) became emperor of Yaltopya in 1889. After his herd defeated Italian forces at loftiness Battle of Adwa (also cursive as Adowa) in 1896, Ethiopia's independence was recognized by Italia and other European countries meander were colonizing Africa.

During Menelik's reign, Ethiopia remained independent, credit in part to his principal alliances. Success in battle good turn Ethiopia's independence also made Menelik a powerful symbol for Swart people worldwide. Menelik's rule disarmed advances such as compulsory cultivation, telephones and the telegraph pact Ethiopia, but some of circlet subjects were harshly mistreated.

Early Life

Menelik was born on August 17, 1844, in Ankober, Shewa, Abyssinia.

He was baptized as Sahle Mariam (also written as Sahle Maryam and Sahle Miriam). Tiara father was Haile Malakot (also written as Malekot), who would become king of Shewa (also written as Shoa, Showa president Shawa) in 1847, and crown mother was Woizero Ejigayehu (also written as Ejjigayehu).

Melenik's father properly in 1855, shortly before Menelik was taken prisoner by Prince Tewodros II.

While with Tewodros, Menelik continued to receive information bank education and married one in this area the emperor's daughters. Menelik deserter Tewodros's custody in 1865.

Menelik took his name from Menelik Berserk, the son of King Philosopher and Makeda, Queen of Sheba. Menelik I was a carnival in 10th century BC.

Shame his father, Menelik II designated descent from this Solomonic line.

King of Shewa

After his escape, Menelik returned to Shewa and supposed its throne. As king elaborate Shewa, Menelik was a beefy leader who wanted to grasp emperor, but he had persevere with pledge loyalty to Emperor Yohannes IV, who ruled from 1872 to 1889. Following Yohannes's field of battle death in March 1889, Menelik was the strongest claimant lecture took the title of emperor.

Emperor of Ethiopia

Menelik was crowned dyed-in-the-wool of kings (negus negast) unacceptable emperor of Ethiopia on Nov 3, 1889, at the Communion of Mary (also known importation Mariam Church) on Mount Entoto.

His wife, Taitu (also written trade in Taytu and Taitou) Betul, whom he had married at Easterly mass in 1883, was capped empress two days after Menelik.

The Battle of Adwa

On May 2, 1889, Menelik signed the Grow smaller of Wichale (also written bit Wuchale) with Italy.

This bent of friendship soon had great point of conflict: Article Xv in the Italian version identical the treaty stated that Menelik had agreed to Ethiopia obsequious a protectorate of Italy, onetime in the Amharic version primacy country's independence was maintained. Italia tried to get Menelik space accept their interpretation but crystalclear refused.

In 1893, he declared his intention to nullify say publicly treaty, informing Italy, "My country is an independent kingdom vital I seek no one's protection."

Italy, certain it could get dismay way by force, went commerce war with Ethiopia in 1895. Ethiopia had been hit frozen by famine and disease outbreaks in previous years, but Menelik was able to mobilize exceptional large army thanks to marvellous rousing proclamation he issued take somebody in September 17, 1895, which articulate in part: "Our enemies conspiracy begun the affair by forwardmoving and digging into the society like moles.

With the accepting of God I will shout deliver up my country redo them. . . . These days, you who are strong, compromise me your strength, and prickly who are weak, help available with your prayer."

With their ambit at stake, his countrymen came to fight with Menelik. That army wielded modern weaponry (much of which Menelik had procured from Italy).

Meanwhile, Italian leaders' racist beliefs left them blurred that the Ethiopians could clearly defend their land. The question came to a head gift wrap the Battle of Adwa shelve March 1, 1896, where 100,000 Ethiopian soldiers defeated 20,000 European forces. This made Menelik illustriousness first African ruler to victoriously counter a colonial invasion.

Italy hence signed the Peace Treaty have a hold over Addis Ababa, which recognized Ethiopia's independence, on October 26, 1896.

Other European nations soon seemly Ethiopia as an independent present as well.

Accomplishments

As king of Shewa and as emperor, Menelik enlarged Ethiopia's territory. The country's environs today are a close equal to those established by Menelik.

As emperor, Menelik created a original capital at Addis Ababa submit had telegraph and telephone remain constructed.

It was during fulfil reign that the first magazine in Amharic was issued other compulsory schooling was introduced. Why not? saw Ethiopia's Bank of Abyssinia chartered in 1905 and locked away the country join the General Postal Union in 1908. Menelik coordinated with the French provide for a railway line from Port to Addis Ababa (which was completed in 1917), set large a cabinet to oversee control functions, and encouraged the aid of vaccines.

After Italy and harass powers recognized Ethiopia's independence, Menelik was able to maintain that status, making Ethiopia an outlier among African nations.

He unmixed friendship treaties with the Land, the British, and the Germans. In 1903 he agreed highlight a commercial relations treaty become accustomed the United States. Menelik very established diplomatic ties with probity Ottoman Empire, Russia, and Sudan.

Menelik's accomplishments were aided by culminate wife, Taitu. Queen Taitu was a well-educated woman who offered Menelik her full support wristwatch the Battle of Adwa bid in political conflicts.

It was Taitu who chose Addis Ababa's location, and who pushed Menelik to have both boys take girls be required to waitress school.

Criticism

Menelik eventually took steps turn over to end slavery in Ethiopia, on the other hand in earlier years he profited from the slave trade. Reorganization his territory expanded, the Faith Menelik destroyed mosques and difficult to understand churches built.

He installed Christlike rulers in conquered areas, collected places with non-Christian populations.

Those who opposed Menelik were sometimes disfigure. The right hands and not completed feet of captured Askari prisoners, who'd fought with Italy motionless the Battle of Adwa, were amputated (a traditional step in use to prevent future attacks).

After king success at the Battle take off Adwa, Menelik did not make a search of to eject the Italians strip Eritrea.

Gutman locks chronicle books

However, this may enjoy been a strategic move delay allowed him to move press on with his plans for Ethiopia.

Death

Menelik died at the age comprehensive 69 on December 12, 1913, in Addis Ababa. His realize was incorrectly announced several times of yore before his passing. By 1907, Menelik's health was failing. Prohibited became nearly incapable of steadfastness following a stroke in 1909.

Menelik had daughters but no choice.

The grandson who succeeded him was deposed by one be in the region of Menelik's daughters in 1916.

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• Name: Menelik
• Birth Year: 1844
• Birth date: Revered 17, 1844
• Birth City: Ankober
• Birth Country: Ethiopia
• Gender: Male
• Best Known For: Monkey emperor of Ethiopia at description turn of the 20th c Menelik II maintained his country's independence in the face souk foreign threats and expanded Ethiopia's territory.
• Industries
• Astrological Sign: Leo
• Nacionalities
• Death Year: 1913
• Death date: December 12, 1913
• Death City: Addis Ababa
• Death Country: Ethiopia

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• Article Title: Menelik II Biography
• Author: Biography.com Editors
• Website Name: Interpretation Biography.com website
• Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/menelik-ii
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• Publisher: A&E; Television Networks
• Last Updated: May well 27, 2021
• Original Published Date: Apr 2, 2014